ALGAE& CYANO (red slime): how to and how not to have it

[Sk8r]

First, there are things that look like algae and aren't: cyanobacteria is, well, bacteria, properly a bacterial sheet, and it IS generally reddish, like a film, with bubbles in it. It's very old: during the Permian Extinction (qv), back before the dinosaurs, it oxygenated our planet, keeping us alive, but despite our debt of gratitude, we don't want it in our tanks.

To kill it, turn out your lights for 3 days, that's all. Don't wrap your tank, just keep the curtains drawn and the lights off. And if you have corals, bring your lights up gently on the 4th day, then full on the 5th. Won't hurt your coral. If you have a good skimmer, it'll work hard and fill fast. If you have less than a good skimmer do a 30% water change, wait a day, do a 20%. Do this whole operation once a month. It may recur, particularly if a ray of sunlight can reach your tank, but keep after it.

The other thing mistaken for algae---and mistaken for cyano--- is, well, animal: dinoflagellates. It's dirt brown. It's nasty. Part of the cure is to improve your tank's parameters to really-good. There is a stuff called Dino X, which is supposed to kill it, but there're many, many varieties. Suggest IF you try a treatment like that you either have a killer skimmer or stand ready for a 30-20-20 water change, ie, add another day of rest then 20% water change to the prescription for cyano cleanup.


Now to the real thing: algae. Plants. There are good plants, like cheato moss, which you can grow in a lighted sump, which helps uptake phosphate, which is algae fuel. [Do NOT let cheato loose where it can reach your pump! it's like green wire, and makes a mess.] There are bad plants, like common hair algae. First of all, realize that ROCK and sand often contain phosphate, which soaks OUT into your tank and flows in the water. Algae love excess phosphate. Without it, they die. Various products like Phosban (a ferric oxide) in a reactor (they optimistically provide a sock, but it's not the way to go---you need a reactor for a tank above tiny-tiny) The trick to using Phosban is to change it out about weekly, because once it's sopped up all it can hold, it sits there looking righteous, but in reality it's useless now. Needs to be tossed and new ferric oxide installed. You may keep this up for more than a month. Or two. THIS is why we say don' t use raw dry rock: get conditioned rock or condition it yourself.

Then there is the rock that keeps on giving. You think it's conditioned. But it has so much phosphate deep inside it, it goes on triggering green growth for over a year. Up to two years. Nasty situation. I am not a big fan of treating a tank with chemicals, because they can turn on you if you don't have a really good skimmer, and many beginners don't. But if you have the Never-Ending Supply of phosphate, this is the time to head for Fluconazole, aka Reef Flux, and just follow instructions immaculately, and stand by to do that 30-20-20 series of water changes.

There is also bryopsis, which I recommend you Google for a pic---because telling it from hair is not always easy. Fluconasole is a treatment. Again---skim! and do water changes.

Green, red, or brown in your tank is a pest and a problem, but it can be cured. If the 'little' solution will work, don't go for the big guns of a chemical treatment. If you HAVE to go to the chemical or drug, look at your skimmer, and be prepared to do water changes.

Age of a tank improves all this. When you have a raw new tank trying to accommodate whatever rolls in, your balances are likely off, or prone to go off, and you get one nutrient or the other feeding a 'bloom' of plants or bacteria or animals. Mature tanks have their own ills. But if you want to minimize your problems, work on your parameters and your flow, and do your water changes. Putting in a tiny frag of something hardy is a way of giving yourself a 'mine canary' for bad water (if coral is the route you want to go) ---because coral closes up if the water isn't good. Fish just swim merrily along looking normal no matter what, until they stop swimming. Corals are good alarm systems. So, of course, are your test kits. And a log book, giving your test results. You may not need a log book forever, but while you're learning how your tank reacts to changes and dosing (if any) it is a real eye-opener.

[djryan2000]

Awesome read, thank you!


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[SantaMonica]

Little known info: Bubble algae concentrate nutrients into the bubble, and thus can survive for a while with no nutrients in the water at all. And bryopsis uses actual roots that extract nutrients out of the rock, also, when there are no nutrients in the water.

[Omri]

Super informative! I had bad Cyano recently and this is the first time I’m reading about the lights. I was told to turn mine down a bit. Thanks!